“大国竞争”背景下的美国国家安全战略

“Great Power Competition” and the United States National Security Strategy

拜登政府虽尚未推出正式版国家安全战略,但从已有战略文件、重要表态和具体做法看,其国家安全战略的框架已大体确定。这是美国国家安全战略自冷战结束以来的一次深入调整。当前美国国家安全战略认为,国际环境与以往相比发生深刻变化,“大国竞争”成为主要特征,中俄尤其中国是需要应对的最主要挑战,为此美国要加紧在各领域全面布局,以获得能维护其国际地位的有利战略态势。与特朗普时期相比,当前美国国家安全战略的延续性大于变化性,同时被进一步予以细化和充实,对中美关系与世界和平与发展的危害性显而易见,但具体实施也会受到诸多条件限制。中国在全面评估其影响和积极应对之时,也要认识到随着自身国力不断壮大,对中美关系的塑造能力也在同步提升。

The Biden administration has not yet released its official national security strategy(NSS). However, judging from the existing strategic documents, important statements, and specific practices of this administration, the framework of the forthcoming NSS has been largely established, which will mark a deep adjustment of the United States national security strategies since the end of the Cold War. Biden holds the same view as his predecessor that the international environment is undergoing profound changes unseen in the past typified by the intensifying “great power competition. ” Similarly, he deems China, even ahead of Russia, as the “most serious competitor” to the United States. The United States aims for, by stepping up efforts in various fields, a strategic posture favorable to its global hegemony. Biden’s new NSS, compared with the one of Donald Trump, will exhibit more continuity than change and, at the same time, be further refined and enriched. Obviously, such a NSS of the United States will harm both the China-US relations and the peace and development of the world. Nevertheless, the Biden administration will face constraints in implementing its NSS. Therefore, while comprehensively assessing and actively responding to the impacts of the United States NSS, China needs to realize that the continued growth of its national strength will simultaneously increase its ability to shape its relations with the United States.