我国大学生创新创业政策演进及地区差异分析——基于1998—2019年政策文本

Evolution and Regional Differences of College Students’ Innovation and Entrepreneurship Policy in China——Based on the Analysis of China’s Policy Texts from 1998 to 2019

政策分析可提高政策制定的准确性与效益性。以文本量化研究的方法对我国大学生创新创业政策进行系统性梳理与分析,有助于推进政策的完善进而建设创新型国家,特别是在应对新冠肺炎疫情的特殊时期,对于促进大学生增量就业具有特别意义。基于所构建的双维理论框架模型对近二十年来中央和地方的138份政策文本进行剖析可知,在时间维度上政策演进历经"以点带线"的初步探索阶段、"以线铺面"的全面推进阶段、"点面结合"的重点落实阶段;在空间维度上表现为经济发达地区政策倾向性明显、欠发达地区政策注意力分布平均的特征。基于上述研究可得出该类政策具有阶段性、承接性和差异性特征,应处理好阶段性发展与长期规划之间的关系、把握好宏观方向与地区实践的平衡、明晰政府与高校的政策定位并积极吸纳社会协同力量。

Policy analysis can improve the accuracy and efficiency of policy-making.Our research quantitatively analyzes the text of innovation and entrepreneurship policies for college students in China,which intends to improve such policies and further accomplish the innovative strategy.In this special period of pandemic,it is of special significance to promote the incremental employment of fresh graduates.Based on the two-dimensional theoretical framework model,this paper analyzes 138 policy texts of the central and local governments in the past 20 years.In terms of time dimension,the policy evolution has gone through the initial exploration stage of"point to line",comprehensive promotion stage of"line to line"and the key implementation stage of"point to surface combination".In the spatial dimension,it is characterized by obvious policy inclination in economically developed areas and average distribution of policy attention in less developed areas.Based on the above research,it can be concluded that this kind of policy has the characteristics of stage,continuity and difference.We should deal with the relationship between stage development and long-term planning,grasp the balance between macro direction and regional practice,clarify the policy positioning of the government and universities,and actively absorb the strength of social cooperation.