从“声景”到“声境”:作为媒介的声音

From Soundscape to Acoustic Milieus:Sound as Medium

借用当下人文学科的学术时髦修辞“转向”,人类学中的“听觉转向”,或者,声音研究中的“人类学转向”正在发生。这篇文章通过梳理感官人类学、听觉文化和声音研究这三个领域的学术发展语境,特别是通过回顾两次知名的学术争论,辨析存在于声音研究、听觉文化与感官人类学研究中的理论分歧。基于对本体论vs认识论,表征理论vs非表征理论的梳理,文章进一步反思声音与听觉文化研究中的经典核心概念,“声景(soundscape)”,并提出“声境(acoustic milieus)”概念与之形成对话,以此强调声音作为理解生命体存在境况以及作为生态式思考的媒介。

To use the current academic trendy word“turn,”we witness an“auditory turn”in anthropology and an“anthropological turn”in sound studies.This article is set to contextualize and thread fields of sensory anthropology,auditory culture and sound studies.Through rehearsing two sets of academic debates,I introduce and analyze two theoretical paradigms in auditory culture studies,sound studies and sensory anthropology.Furthermore,I propose the notion that I call“acoustic milieus”to form a critical dialogue with“soundscape,”a classical but problematic notion in sound studies and auditory culture studies.Acoustic milieus consider sound as medium of understanding existential situations and of ecological thinking.