网络公共领域中的受益者悖论——对女性主义团结中男性声援者处境的考察

The Paradox of the Participation of the Privileged in Network Public Sphere:A Study on Male feminist in the Feminist Solidarity

近年来互联网成为公共事务参与的重要空间,性别议题一直在网络中被广泛讨论。在互联网的女性主义团结机制中,不断呈现出对于参与此议题的男性声援者的排斥乃至攻击性话语,一直以来此现象被视为网络中的女权群体极化,被学术界用“他者”政治的视角予以解释,这实际上是一个误区。此种来自女性主义团结的排斥话语虽然以高攻击性言辞表现出来,却不能简单归结为“极端女权”的“情绪宣泄”,而有其丰富内涵和生成逻辑。这种排斥主要表现为对男性声援者的动机不信任、知识立场的质疑、对男性声援者及其亲近者的他异化。此种排斥现象有着复杂成因:网络公共事务参与中话语与行动的弱连续性;善意性别歧视与无歧视意图的文化行为的认识论困难,而互联网增加了这种辨识困难;互联网中团结机制依靠受害感及受害经验联结等因素。厘清并反思为何男性声援者会遭遇此种困局有助于增进两性的沟通理解,减少社会矛盾,更好地进行团结并促进两性平等;通过对“受益者悖论”进行理论补充,本研究也可为其他社会不正义话题的参与问题提供理论参考。

With the development of social media,the internet has emerged as an increasingly important space for feminist activists.Based on the paradox of the participation of the privileged,this paper explores the exclusionary discourses that the male feminists as feminist advocators encounter from feminist solidarity when they participate in debates about the gender issues in network public sphere and analyzes the causes.The study shows that the exclusionary discourses mainly reflect that the feminist solidarity distrusts the motives of male feminists and their standpoints of epistemology,and alienates male feminist advocators,and that such discourses stem from complex technical and social factors,including the weak continuity between the discourses and actions,the epistemological conundrum of distinguishing the benevolent sexism from cultural behaviors without any intension of sexism,and the base of solidarity itself on experiencing some forms of oppression or injustice.The clarification and reflection of this paradox can lead to better understanding,less conflicts and stronger solidarity between two sexes so as to achieve genders equality eventually.