自律与他律:延安时期中共党报规范研究

Self-regulation and Heteronomy:A Study on the Norms of CCP Newspapers During the Yan’an Period

延安时期的中共党报事业,是如何实现规范发展的?本文运用党报规范概念,通过对延安时期以《解放日报》为代表的党报研究,根据党报的代表角色、执行角色和服务角色,提出有两类基本规范:一是他律,首要是中国共产党掌握党报办报方向的党性规范,包括以资格审查和政策保障为主的积极性规范,和以优化调整、批评为主的消极性规范;其次是政府的行政规范,包括主要提供经费保障的积极性规范和批评建议的消极性规范;还有以提供各种建设性意见、建议和批评为主的受众规范。二是自律,即党报为执行和服务党性规范、行政规范和受众规范而进行的自我规范,以自我批评、自我纠正的积极性规范为主。他律与自律的基本关系是,由党性规范、行政规范、受众规范组成的他律是支配性规范,而围绕前者服务的党报自身的自律是被支配性规范;他律相对来说是显性的、主动的,党报自律则是隐性的、被动的。通过对成长于中国革命历史实践中的中共党报规范进行探究,可以找到我国目前新闻体制的源流与根本,也为党报的功能定位与创新发展提供框架与参考。

How did the Communist Party of China(CCP)party newspaper business in the Yan'an period achieve normative development?Using the concept of party newspaper norms,this paper proposes two types of basic norms based on the representative,executive and service roles of party newspapers in the Yan'an period,through the study of party newspapers represented by the Jiefang Daily in the Yan'an period:the first one is heteronomy,first and foremost the party norms of the CCP that grasps the direction of the party newspapers,including positive norms mainly in terms of qualification and policy guarantee and negative norms mainly in terms of optimizing adjustments and criticisms;and the second one is the government's administrative norms,including the positive norms mainly providing financial guarantee and the negative norms of criticism and suggestions;and the audience norms mainly providing various constructive opinions,suggestions and criticism.The second is self-regulation,that is the self-regulation carried out by party newspapers to implement and serve the party norms,administrative norms and audience norms,with the positive norms of self-criticism and self-correction as the main ones.The basic relationship between heteronomy and self-discipline is that heteronomy which consists of party norms,administrative norms and audience norms,is the dominant norm,while the self-discipline of the party newspaper itself,which serves around the former,is the dominated norm;heteronomy is relatively explicit and active,while the self-discipline of the party newspaper is implicit and passive.By exploring the norms of the CCP party newspaper,which grew up in the historical practice of the Chinese revolution,we can find the source and root of the current news system in China,and also provide a framework and reference for the functional positioning and innovative development of the party newspaper.