视觉“解剖”:藏在名画中的瘟疫、防护与健康象征

Visual “Anatomy”: Plague, Protection and Health Symbols among the Famous Paintings

目前,健康传播研究多数局限在传播效果与疾病种类的范式取向中,并普遍遵循统计、分析等的实证方法(论),科学性有余但想象力稀缺。为了修补这种范式,本文尝试以视觉传播中的模拟系统和认知图式为科学工具,对描绘人类历史中7次大瘟疫的7幅名画进行经验性的视觉"解剖",提纯出名画文本中视觉符号所承载的瘟疫存在、实例图式背后的防护意识萌芽,从而表明人类对于疾病的认知早已藏在古老的视觉文本之中。结合图像艺术史的相关背景,本研究试图点明:视觉不仅有发现疾病的作用,还建构了人们对"健康"的理解。在日常生活中,这种建构被凝练成为健康象征,且在传播学的脉络里反复渗透着"视觉—健康"的互动,即视觉的事实、程序、个性所分别定义的健康编码、健康结构、健康视角。

Currently,most studies on health communication are confined to the paradigm orientation of communication effects and disease types,and generally follow empirical methods(theories)such as statistics and analysis,which are more scientific but less imaginative.In order to repair this paradigm orientation,this paper attempts to use the simulation system and cognitive schema in visual communication as scientific tools,to conduct an empirical visual"dissection"of seven famous paintings depicting seven great plagues in human history,and refine the existence of the plague carried by the visual symbols in the texts of famous paintings and the sprout of protection behind the example schemes,thereby indicating that human cognition of diseases has long been hidden in the ancient visual texts.Combining relevant knowledge of graphic art history,this article attempts to point out:The inspiration lies in the fact that vision can not only detect disease,but also construct the understanding of"Health".In daily life,such construction is condensed into a symbol of health,and the"visual-health"interaction is permeated repeatedly in the academic context of communication.It means that the health code,health structure and health perspective were defined by the reality of vision,program and personality respectively.