当“良知”遇到《自私的基因》——《论语》新解

When Liangzhi Meets Selfish Genes:A New Interpretation of the Analects

仁爱和自私哪一个才是真相,或说良知是一个预设,还是一个自然的呈现?《自私的基因》中提出人们生来是自私的,基因为了达到生存目的会穷尽手段,“自私”是生命繁衍和文明进化的根源。荀子性恶论、现代社会价值异化、人性幽暗论述,果真印证了鲁迅对于中国人性“瞒和骗”的批评吗?传统儒家核心价值将如何现代性阐释,回应新的“现代社会危机”?古文字、人类学、认知心理学和基因研究的新发现又能给我们提供怎样的参考与思路?将仁学放到现代科学的脉络中,来一次跨学科的对话,不一定解决问题,但是可以清楚区分问题的不同逻辑层次,有助于理性地、强化地理解中国经典,更有助于激活中西思想的对话。

“Selfishness”is the root of life reproduction and civilization evolution.Xunzi’s theory of evil human nature,the alienation of modern social values and the dark discourse of human nature really confirm Mr.Lu Xun’s criticism of“concealment and deception”of Chinese human nature?How will the core values of traditional Confucianism be interpreted in modernity to respond to the new“crisis of modern society”?What reference and ideas can the new discoveries of ancient writing,anthropology,cognitive psychology and genetic research provide us?In this paper,the theory of benevolence is put into the context of modern science.An interdisciplinary dialogue may not necessarily solve the problem,but it can clearly distinguish the different logical levels of the problem,which is conducive to a rational and strengthened understanding of Chinese classics,and is more conducive to activating the dialogue between Chinese and Western thoughts.