日本江户时期《诗经》学窥管——松永昌易《头书诗经集注》谫论

A Brief Discussion on Matsunaga Shōeki’s Headnotes to Collected Annotations on the Shijing

民间私学教育范本的特殊性质,使松永昌易《头书诗经集注》成为反映日本江户初期朱子《诗经》学生态的典型标本。松永昌易《头书诗经集注》通过"头书"的方式补充朱子注释,鲜下案语,大量征引中国文献注解名物、礼仪及史实典故等,显示出该书鲜明的教辅性特点,朱子学在日本的权威地位也由此充分体现。需要注意的是,从底本卷帙为八卷、以"诗经集注"为名到注释内容大多为明代《诗经》学相关作品,可见松永昌易所选取的底本应为明代《诗集传》,这一定程度上反映了江户初期对明代《诗经》学的重视程度,并为我们观照大致同期的明代《诗经》学提供新的视野。

Due to the special nature of the educational model of popular private education in Edo Japan,Matsunaga Shōeki's Headnotes to Collected Annotations on the Shijing(Toushu Shijing jizhu头书诗经集注)is representative as a typical specimen of the literary ecology of the study of Zhu Xi's interpretation of the Shijing in the early Edo period.Shōeki's Toushu Shijing jizhu supplements Zhu Xi's annotations through the method of“headnotes”(toushu头书),by adding new comments and citing a great deal of Chinese texts to explain proper names,rituals and allusions to historical events.This shows the distinct character of this book as a teaching aid,as well as fully demonstrates the authoritative status of Zhu Xi-learning in Japan.It should be noted that,from the master copy book in eight volumes named“Collected Annotations of the Shijing”(Shijing jizhu诗经集注),to the annotated content that is mostly related to Ming dynasty period Shijing studies,it is obvious that the master copy chosen by Matsunaga Shōeki should be the Ming dynasty Collected Commentaries to the Odes(Shi jizhuan诗集传).This to a certain extent reflects the emphasis given in the early Edo period to Ming dynasty Shijing studies,and also provides us with a new perspective to observe the Ming dynasty classical text studies of the Shijing of roughly the same period.