概论日本战国时代汉学经典的吸收:以武士社会为中心

An Outline of the Absorption of the Chinese Classics by the Sinology of Japan’s Warring States Period:Focusing on the Samurai Society

日本战国时代为日本汉学史研究上的空白时期,中日两国学者的研究均少以战国时代的汉学为主题。通常认为当时儒学为主的汉学还没有发展起来,要等到江户时代才逐渐发展。然而,通过战国时代武士的遗训、文书等鲜有被利用来分析江户时以前日本汉学发展的史料,我们不难发现在这个战乱长期化的日子里,即便知识传播受到掣肘,战国武士通过僧侣的教导,在行为和道德思想上已经受到儒家思想的影响,而且从自身的修为到教化家臣上借用汉学的智慧,下启江户时代推广儒学的潮流。战国时代在"江户时代以前"的日本汉学史发展上实有不可轻视的地位,有必要深入研究。

Japan's Warring States period is a blank spot in the research of the history of Japanese sinology.Scholars from China as well as Japan in their research have by and large rarely taken the sinology of Japan's Waring States period as their subject,believing that at the time the sinology that concerned itself with Confucianism had not been developed yet,which saw its emergence not until the Edo period.However,the teachings and writings of the samurai(侍,also known as bushi 武士)have seldomly been used to analyze the historical materials relating to the development of Japanese sinology from before the Edo period.It is not difficult to see how during those days of protracted warfare,even though the dissemination of knowledge was impeded,the samurai of the warring states,under the instruction of the Buddhist clergy,in their ethical thinking and conduct already received the influence of Confucian ideas.They also borrowed insights from sinology for their personal cultivation and the education of their retainers,which laid the foundation for the spread of Confucianism in the Edo period afterwards.This goes to show that the function of Japan's Warring States period in the development of the"pre-Edo period"history of Japanese sinology indeed cannot be ignored and is of crucial importance to the research of it.