社区与公共服务:一个语境分析框架

Local Communities and Public Services:A Context Analysis Framework

在席卷全球的分散治理浪潮中,"社区"无疑已经成为一个时髦的词汇,而社区导向的治理则塑造着公共服务领域的流行话语——大量抽象讨论和似是而非且缺乏实证检验的命题充斥其间,并在不同程度上影响着各国公共服务领域的政策设计和选择。然而,"社区"不仅仅是地域意义上的空间概念,更蕴含着丰富而微妙的经济、社会和文化等诸多方面的内涵;公共服务的范畴因国家和时段而有所不同,不同经济社会与文化背景中的个体对不同公共服务也有着不同的感受性和敏感度。因此,无论是"社区"还是"公共服务"都不是常量,而社区参与公共服务供给的影响也极为复杂。将社区与公共服务的具体特征考虑在内的语境分析框架,可以使社区与公共服务得以在特定制度与社会文化背景中得到讨论,从而有助于理解社区参与对公共服务供给的实际影响,并使决策者在制定相关政策时更为务实和审慎。

As the idea of decentralized governance sweeping the world,“community”has definitely become a popular term,and the community-oriented governance has shaped the popular discourses in the public service field——where large numbers of abstract discussions and plausible proposi-tions without efficient empirical evidences are filling in,and which has been actually affecting the policy design and choice of public services in rather many countries.However,“community”is not only a spatial concept,but also contains rich and subtle meanings in economic,social and cultural levels.The content of public service differs among countries and time period,and individuals in various cultural backgrounds share different sensibility and sensitivity to it.Therefore,neither“community”nor“public service”is a constant,and the impact of community participation in public service provision is extremely complex.So,A context analysis framework that takes into accounts the characteristics of communities and public service can benefit the discussions to communities and public services in specific institutional and socio-cultural contexts,in a way to promoting the understanding to the actual impact of community participation to public services,and making policy makers more pragmatic and prudent in formulating relevant policies.