更化·改制·善治——董仲舒对汉初七十年的历史反思与理论总结

Transformation and Education,Reform,Good Governance——Dong Zhongshu’s Historical Reflection and Theoretical Summary of the Early Seventy Year of the Han Dynasty

汉初经过七十年的休生养息,经济繁荣、国力昌盛。但也潜伏着严重的社会政治危机。其中,最严重的是"黄老无为"作为汉初国家意识形态,已经失去以往那种积极作用,蜕化为一种顽固、保守、阻碍革新的思想观念。针对这些问题,董仲舒提出了"更化、改制、善治"的对策和建议。其中,"更化"是指更而化之,即更新与教化的统一,包括意识形态的更新与文教政策的调整。"改制"既包括迁国都、更称号、改正朔、易服色,又蕴涵经济、政治、法律、教育等政教体制的改良。"善治"就是在"更化"和"改制"的基础上,要求国君遵循天道、任用贤能、注重教化、推行调均,从而实现百姓安居乐业、社会风俗淳美。概而言之,"更化、改制、善治"这三方面既相对独立,又互相联系。"更化"的核心是顺应时代潮流、反映人心向背,对治国之道做出重大调整;"改制"的实质是在"更化"思想的指导下,对经济、政治等各项制度做出重大改革;"善治"则是立足于"更化"和"改制"的基础上,要求君主效法天道,做到"贤能佐职,教化大行"。归根到底,"更化、改制、善治"旨在更新和完善西汉王朝的治国理念与方法,实现长治久安、天下太平。这对于促进当代中国国家治理体系与治理能力的现代化,具有重要的启发意义和参考价值。

After 70 years of health and recuperation in the early Han Dynasty,the economy was prosperous and its state strength was prosperous.But there were also lots of serious social and political crisis.Among them,the most serious was the“Huang Lao Wu Wei”as the state ideology of the early Han Dynasty,it has lost the positive effect of the past.It decomposed as an Intransigent,Conservative and Obstructive Ideology.In response to these questions,Dong Zhongshu put forward the countermeasures and suggestions of“transformation and education,reform and good governance”,which was aimed at updating and perfecting the ideas and methods of governing the Western Han Dynasty,achieving long-term tranquility and peace in on land under heaven.It still has the important enlightenment significance and the reference value for promoting the modernization of China’s National governance system and governance capability.