中国治理:经验、问题与挑战

China’s Governance: Experience,Problems and Challenges

世界上如此众多的国家,无论是"领导国家",还是"成功国家",抑或"失败国家",都与其治理能力有关。中国改革开放40年,国家治理能力和水平有了极大改善,不仅回应了20世纪90年代由于苏联东欧巨变引发的"中国崩溃论"的质疑,反而以发展速度创新记录、人民生活水平极大改善、综合国力大幅提升、国家地位和国际影响力与日俱增等显著成就,为全球治理提供了经验。本文试图依据一个历史悠久的大国的治理需求,总结和评估改革开放40年来的治理经验:追求多重治理机制的协同效应;坚持以经济建设为中心的发展战略;实行试点改革和逐步对外开放的方法;坚持集中力量办大事的原则;努力保持国家发展和治理的集中性、高效性、协调性、连续性。文章认为,中国治理得到了共产党集中领导的制度效应和改革开放的政策效应的"双重效应"支持,中国"改革开放"、实事求是、虚心学习的治理过程和发展模式的灵活性与适应性是取得成绩的关键原因;中国治理是本土的,中国治理也是不断发展的;今天,中国治理还存在并面临诸多问题,只要在治理过程中坚持实事求是、"改革开放"、虚心学习的原则和治理方式中保持制度的灵活性和适应性,中国治理必将为全球治理贡献更大智慧。

There are so many countries in the world,whether they belong to the"leading country",the"successful country"or the"failed country",their status is related to the ability of governance.Over the past 40 years,China’s national governance capacity and level have greatly improved.This paper attempts to assess China’s governance experience in the past 40 years of reform and opening up based on the governance needs of a large country with a long history.The article holds that China’s governance has been supported by the"system effect"of the CPC’s centralized leadership and the"policy effect"of reform and opening-up.China’s"reform and opening-up",modest learning and maintaining flexibility and adaptability of the governance process are the key reasons for its achievements.Today,China’s governance still faces many problems.As long as we continue to adhere to the principles of"reform and opening up",modest learning and flexibility and adaptability of governance methods in the process of governance,China’s governance will surely contribute more wisdom to global governance.