新冠肺炎疫情下国际航行船舶海员孤独感状况及相关因素调查

Loneliness status and related factors of international seafarers during the COVID-19 epidemic

目的了解新冠肺炎疫情下国际航行船舶海员孤独感状况及相关因素,为改善海员心理健康提供建议。方法选取2020年6月10日—7月25日期间,靠泊山东荣成口岸的国际航行船舶上的中国籍海员441名,采用加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校孤独感量表测量海员孤独感,比较不同特征海员孤独感得分,分析海员年龄与孤独感得分的相关性,用多元线性回归法分析影响海员孤独感得分的影响因素。结果海员的孤独感平均得分为(35.0±9.87)分,52.9%的海员自评为中高水平孤独感。不同年龄、婚姻状况、体育锻炼或业余活动频次、睡眠质量、超时工作频次、工作压力、自评健康状况的海员的孤独感得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,海员自评健康状况越差、体育锻炼或业余活动频次越低以及平均月收入越低,孤独感得分越高;超时工作频次越高和工作压力越大,孤独感得分越高。结论新冠肺炎疫情期间国际航行船舶海员的孤独感程度较高,自评健康状况、体育锻炼或业余活动、平均月收入、超时工作以及工作压力是孤独感产生的影响因素。

Objective To investigate the loneliness status and related factors of international seafarers during the COVID-19 epidemic,and provide suggestions for improving seafarers’mental health.Methods A total of 441 Chinese international seafarers on the international navigation ships at Rongcheng port of Shandong province were selected from June 10 to July 25,2020.Loneliness was measured by UCLA loneliness scale.The loneliness scores of seafarers with different characteristics were compared.The correlation analysis was used to analyze correlation between seafarer’s age and loneliness scores,and the multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting the loneliness scores of seafarers.Results The mean score of loneliness was(35±9.87),and 52.9%of the seafarers had middle to high level loneliness.The results of univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in loneliness scores among age,marital status,physical activity or leisure time frequency,sleep quality,overtime work frequency,self-rated work pressure and self-rated health(P<0.05).The results of multivariate analysis showed that self-rated health,physical activity or leisure time frequency and average monthly income were negatively associated with loneliness scores;frequency of overtime work and self-rated work stress were positively associated with loneliness scores.Conclusion During the COVID-19 epidemic,the loneliness degree of international seafarers was higher.Self-rated health,physical activity or leisure time,average monthly income,overtime work and work pressure were the influencing factors of the loneliness of international seafarers.