美国得州停电事件对我国能源安全的启示

The electricity deliveries disrupted in Texas and its enlightenment to China’s energy security

罕见的寒潮天气在2021年2月份席卷了美国得克萨斯州,得州电力系统遭受重创,数百万用户断电、电价飙升、电力运营商申请破产,造成了大量的人员伤亡和财产损失。得州新能源发电系统在极寒天气中大范围停摆,风力发电量约下降60%,光伏发电量约下降68%,核电及煤电的发电量分别下降26%和28%。天然气发电在关键时刻发挥了"顶梁柱"作用,发电量上升约158%,弥补了大量电力缺口。本次得州大停电事件的主要原因是其电力设施无法应对极寒天气,能源系统储备应急能力不足,以及独立运作的电网系统无法得到充足的电力救援等。得州大停电事件暴露了其能源系统存在严重的安全隐患,反映出"减碳不能减安全"的必要性,凸显了新能源与传统能源融合发展的重要意义。近年极端天气频发,该事件对推进我国能源行业有序有效、安全可靠的清洁低碳转型具有重要启示作用。

In February 2021,the electrical power system of Texas has been disrupted,power outages for millions of customers,electricity prices soared,and the power operator filed for bankruptcy,causing a large number of casualties and property losses since a rare cold wave spread across Texas,the United States.Texas’s new energy power generation system was shut down on a large scale in extreme cold weather.Wind generation decreased by about 60%,solar generation decreased by about 68%,and nuclear generation and coal generation decreased by about 26%and 28%respectively.Natural gas generation played the pillar role at the critical moment,generating capacity increased by 158%,made up for a lot of the power gap.The main reasons for the power outage are the inability of power facilities to cope with the extreme cold weather,insufficient emergency response capabilities of the energy system reserve,and the independent operation of the power system cannot receive amply power rescue,etc.The electricity deliveries disrupted in Texas exposed serious security vulnerabilities in its energy system,reflecting the necessity that"reducing carbon but not reducing security",and highlighting the significance of the integrated development of new energy and traditional energy.In today’s frequent extreme weather,it has an important enlightening effect on promoting orderly,effective,safe and reliable clean and low-carbon transformation of China’s energy industry.