个别燃料费制及其对韩国天然气市场可能产生的影响

Individual rate system and its possible impact on Korean natural gas market

2001年,韩国政府为了促进天然气产业竞争及减轻政府投资基础设施的负担,允许具备一定条件的发电用户自主进口LNG。随着国际LNG价格持续走低,采用平均收费制从韩国天然气公社(KOGAS)购买天然气的非自主进口LNG的发电公司在电力市场处于不利位置。为保障能源供需安全、适应市场要求、提高天然气供给效率,KOGAS提出了个别燃料费制。个别燃料费制使得非自主进口LNG的发电公司可以与自主进口LNG的发电公司在市场上进行公平竞争,增强韩国天然气市场的公平性,并提高天然气供应的稳定性、经济性以及燃气发电效率,但也存在一定的局限性,使得KOGAS的垄断地位得以维持。借鉴韩国的经验,中国需要为有天然气自主进口需求的企业搭建服务平台,确保向第三方提供长期稳定的基础设施服务,以及充分发挥石油天然气交易中心的作用。

In 2001,the South Korean government allowed self-consumption power generation users with specific conditions to import LNG independently in order to promote competition in the natural gas industry and reduce the burden of government investment in infrastructure.As international LNG prices continue to fall,power generation companies that import LNG non-independently from KOGAS on an average tariff basis are at a disadvantage in the power market.In order to ensure the security of energy supply and demand,meet the market requirements,and improve the efficiency of natural gas supply,KOGAS proposed the individual rate system.It would make non-independent LNG importing power generation companies compete fairly with independent LNG importing power generation companies in the market,enhance the fairness of South Korea’s natural gas market,and improve the stability,economy and gas power generation efficiency of natural gas supply.However,there are some limitations,so that KOGAS’s monopoly position cannot be maintained.By learning from South Korea’s experiences,China needs to build a service platform for enterprises with independent import demand of natural gas,ensure the provision of long-term and stable infrastructure services to the third parties,and give full play to the role of oil and gas trading center.