何以能说“冲了他”——兼谈祈使构式“V了NP”

Why Can We Say"chong le ta":Also on the Imperative Construction"V le NP"

构式"V了NP"是一种特殊的祈使性表达。"V"可叫作"影响"义动词,按其对动后宾语的影响可分为"消失"类、"位移"类、"改变样态"类和"改变领有"类四种;"了"应被视为并未完全语法化的动相补语,具有"完成"义;"NP"须为定指性成分,以满足祈使句的语力。整个构式的构式义可概括为"要求对方(或与自己一同)做某事,并使得动作对象完全受影响"。动词"冲"是不及物动词,"冲了他"这类新兴表达是"V了NP"构式对动词"冲"压制的结果。而"冲"对构式也有影响作用,即通过自身语义淡化影响效果,使得构式可用于诸多差异性较大的语境中。

Construction“V le NP”is a special imperative expressive structure.Component can be called affected verb,and can be divided into four categories:the verb which make NP disappear,the verb which make NP remove,the verb which change the appearance or state of NP and the verb which change the possessor of NP.Component"le"should be deemed to be phase complement,which is not totally grammaticalized.In order to suit the order of component imperative construction,component"NP"must be definite.The meaning of construction"V le NP"can be generalized that speaker asks listeners(or with speaker)to do something and make the subject of the action completely affected.In addition,The verb"chong"is an intransitive verb.And new expression"chong le ta"is the result of construction coercion.What,s more,"chong"also has an effect on the construction.Its lexical meaning has diluted the affection of construction.And then construction can be used in many different contexts.