三岁前中国儿童汉语习得与零起点留学生汉语词汇语法习得比较研究

A Comparative Study of Chinese Vocabulary and Grammar Acquisition between Chinese Children before the Age of Three and the CSL Beginners

虽然母语习得与二语习得有本质区别,但二者在语言发展初期仍有相似之处。由于在教授学生二语时教师无法直接观察到学生二语进展过程,因此借鉴母语习得能够帮助教师进行教学。三岁前中国儿童对于汉语的习得是一个从零到一的过程,而零起点到初级阶段的留学生学习汉语也是从零到一的过程,二者从汉语发展的阶段来看有可比性。本文通过对两者的比较发现,在习得汉语的初期,留学生在某些语法点上的习得优于中国儿童,同时也发现无论中国儿童还是留学生在习得汉语某些语法点的初始阶段都有相似的偏误发生。这些异同点可帮助我们更加清楚地认识留学生汉语习得过程,进而促进汉语国际教学顺利进行。

Although there are essential differences between mother tongue acquisition and second language acquisition,there are still similarities in the early stage of language development.Teachers can not directly observe the progress of students’second language aquisition when teaching students,so they can learn from mother tongue acquisition.Before the age of three,Chinese children’s acquisition of Chinese is a process from zero to one,while the CSL beginners from zero to primary stage is also a process from zero to one.Through the comparison between the two parts,it is found that in the initial stage of Chinese acquisition,foreign students’acquisition of some grammar points is better than that of Chinese children.At the same time,it is also found that both Chinese children and foreign students have similar errors in the initial stage of Chinese acquisition.These similarities and differences can help us to have a clearer understanding of the process of foreign students’Chinese acquisition,so that the international teaching of Chinese can proceed smoothly.