万历援朝战争以后东北亚海洋秩序的重构——胶辽沿海国家权力与防海军人之互动研究

The Reconstruction of the Maritime Order of Northeast Asia during and after the Imjin War:Interactions between State Power and the Sea Defense Forces in the Shandong-Liaodong Coastal Region

伴随万历援朝战争的爆发,明王朝对东北亚区域内的海洋秩序进行了重新构建,加强胶辽沿海与朝鲜半岛的海上联结,并将国家权力向北部滨海地带深入。这种情形促进了胶辽沿海海洋活动的重启,使之成为更具开放性、连通性与包容性的海上活动空间。这表现在该地区与朝鲜半岛交流的增加以及两地间一体化趋势的凸显,明王朝对该地区自然、社会资源的依赖与利用程度也有所提高。此种转变与明朝防海军人在当地的发展轨迹相互作用。一方面,明朝与朝鲜之间海洋防御与管理的推进有赖于这些基层力量的有效运作。另一方面,也正是在此过程中,防海军人逐渐发展出超越国家权力边界的势力,他们的跨境流动与非法暴力使其从边海安全的维护者转而成为威胁者。

With the outbreak of the Imjin War(1592-1598),Ming China,reconstructed the maritime order of Northeast Asia,strengthening the connection between the coastlines of Shandong and Liaodong and the Korean Peninsula.State power successfully penetrated into the northern littoral.This situation promoted the maritime orientation of the Shandong Liaodong coastline,making the region a more-open,connective,and inclusive maritime space.The Ming depended upon its coastal garrisons to enhance maritime defense and management in conjunction with Choson Korea.It was in this process,however,that they developed individual power beyond state control and soon emerged as a threat to border security.