光绪四年浙东衢山岛的闹粮戕官案——以《申报》记述为中心

Murder of Officials over Grain Taxes in Qushan Island,Eastern Zhejiang in 1878:Based upon the Narratives in the Shenbao

光绪元年(1875年)奏垦升科的南田岛并未能立即“顺利实现”,之后垦丈的顺利推行建立在其“试行版”的流血冲突的基础之上。垦丈在衢山岛的先行先试直接导致了光绪四年以金屺兰为首的闹粮戕官案。该事件在《申报》中有较为详细的记述,形成了一个连续的文献序列。案件缘起于南田履勘、衢山先行。衢山四面缘海、地形险要,有其特殊的沿革与区位。闹粮戕官事件的经过以及官民双方的伤亡情况,见诸同一报端的相关报道却有着明显不同的版本。事件之后浙江巡抚梅启照派得力干将并增带兵力前往衢山成功镇压并肃清全岛。客观来看,事件的发生既有习惯相沿的民情实况,欲垦复升科需先兴修水利也是衢山民众的合理诉求。围绕匪首金屺兰其人其事、镇压过程中是否戮及满门,以及对后续匪党的所谓正法典刑本身是否既违背法律也有悖世道人情,《申报》中的相关记述也迥然不同,民众与官方站在各自的立场上借助《申报》这一平台展开了一场质难与回应的拉锯战。

The Qing government’s attempt to levy taxes on Qushan Island directly led to a bloody revolt led by Jin Qilan in which officials were killed.After the incident,Zhejiang governor Mei Qizhao sent troops to the island and eradicated the rebels.Multiple accounts of this incident can be found in the Shenbao.However,they diverged in their narratives and often contradicted each other.They centered upon what actually happened to Jin Qilan,such as whether his whole family was exterminated and whether the subsequent crackdown was legal or moral.The Shenbao provides a useful window for us to better understand the war for public opinion surrounding this incident.