再论清代东亚海域的海难民遣返网络——以19世纪初的两件海难事例为中心

More on the Shipwreck Refugee Repatriation Network in the East Asian Maritime Realm during the Qing Dynasty——Focusing on Two Shipwrecks in the Early 19^(th) Century

本文主要以嘉庆七年(1802年)遭风漂到琉球,经琉球救助后,在被送往福建途中,又漂到吕宋的朝鲜人文淳得等六人返国事件;以及嘉庆六年漂到朝鲜济州,后再漂到日本五岛获救的澳门船船员返国事例为中心,探讨当时东亚诸国对外国遭风难民的救助制度,同时比较各国的对外关系和海外知识。此两件海难事件因涉及多个国家和地区,且又牵涉多起其他海难事件,对研究东亚海域之海难救助体系来说,实为不可多得的案例。通过对这一连串事件的检讨,除可补充相关研究的不足,亦可证明在18世纪中期以后,东亚海域诸国间对漂到外国难民的遣返,已有一成型的制度和送还的网络存在。

This paper focuses on two shipwreck events in order to discuss the foreign shipwreck refugee repatriation systems in East Asian countries and compare the foreign relations and overseas knowledge of these countries.One was in 1802 when six Koreans including Moon Sundeuk first shipwrecked to Ryukyu,and then shipwrecked to Luzon on the way from Ryukyu to Fujian;the other one was in 1801 when a Macao crew drifted to the Jeju Island of Korea,and shipwrecked again to Goto of Japan,and were eventually repatriated to their countries.These two rare shipwrecks involved multiple countries/regions,and were also connected to many other shipwrecks,hence are of great value for studying shipwreck refugee repatriation network in the East Asian maritime realm.Examining these shipwrecks will supplement the current insufficient research and also demonstrate that after the mid-18thcentury,the network of repatriating foreigners in shipwrecks in East Asian maritime realm had taken shape.