摘要
清代督巡渔汛制度的实施,是从乾隆初年开始的,至咸丰初年结束。督巡渔汛的主要目的,一是大黄鱼渔业越来越兴盛,保护渔业;二是只允许在四五两月开放洋山和衢港捕捞场,对不允许开放的海域进行巡查;三是为了控制自闽来浙的闽籍渔民。从实际效果来看,督巡渔汛成果甚寡,越来越虚应故事。咸丰之后,红单船、兵轮、海军等战船一直参与护渔,行政力量也介入其中,但护渔力量十分有限,民间自发护渔则比较发达,渔业公所起到了关键性作用。有清一代对大黄鱼的护渔,反映了清代海上军事力量、海洋政策和政治体制的兴衰变动以及民间的强大活力。
The Fishery Protection and Supervision policy lasted over a century,from the late 1730s to the late 1850s.It was intended to protect the thriving yellow croaker fishery by ensuring that fishing in the waters around Yangshan and Qugang only took place in the months of April and May.Routine patrols aimed at enforcing the ban on off-season fishing and limiting the influx of Fujianese fishermen into Zhejiang.During the Xianfeng period(1850~1861),new types of vessels and greater administrative resources and power went into fishery protection.However,the actual effect was rather limited,especially when compared to privately organized grassroots fishery protection services.A study of the evolution of Qing fishery policy allows for a better understanding of maritime military strategy and capabilities,the strength and weakness of the political system,and the dynamism and vitality of local society.
出处
《国家航海》
2020年第2期44-64,共21页
National Maritime Research
关键词
清代
大黄鱼
海上安全
护渔
Qing Dynasty
Yellow Croaker
Maritime Safety
Fishery Protection
