关于横须贺造船所的日法海军技术合作动向变化及分析

Analysis of the Evolution in Naval Technological Cooperation between Japan and France at the Yokosuka Shipyard

日本于1865年在法国的帮助下成立横须贺造船所,此后经过不断发展壮大,其成为该国海军工业的基石。作为日本海军造船工业起步的领路者,法国从幕末一直到甲午战争前夕(明治中期)对日本海军工业影响甚大,不仅对该造船所的建造提供贷款和建厂方案,还在初期掌握其经营与管理主导权,同时还在造舰设计理念和舰队发展理论方面影响日本,可以说法国的支持和帮助为日本早期的海军近代化提供了十分宝贵的帮助。然而值得玩味的是,日本在造舰技术和舰队理论发展的择师选项中,最终选择了英国却抛弃法国。日法海军合作曾经一度密切频繁,但最终走向式微,甚至日法之间还曾在横须贺造船所的经营模式和造船技术选择上产生严重分歧和对立,其背后的原因值得梳理和剖析。本文从幕末至甲午战争前这一时期的横须贺造船所相关的日法技术合作动向变化入手,对日本造舰工业独立自主化的脉络进行梳理和分析。

Japan established the Yokosuka Ironworks in 1865,and gradually upgraded it to allow for the domestic construction of modern warships.The name was then changed to Yokosuka Shipyard.France played an instrumental role in its construction,management,and shipbuilding technology from the Bakamatsu period until the First Sino-Japanese War.French designs,strategies,and theories thus strongly influenced the early stages of the country’s naval modernization.After the early 1890 s,however,Japan gradually chose Britain over France.This article examines the changes in technological cooperation between Japan and France in regards to the Yokosuka Shipyard,and how the Japanese shipbuilding industry gradually gained its independence,including the ability to pick and choose from what foreign countries to learn.