略论江汉关的主要业务职能——以江汉关大楼文物保护工程及全国首次可移动文物普查新发现为例

A Brief Discussion on the Main Business Functions of the Hankow Customs:Taking the Cultural Relics Protection Project of the Hankow Customs House and New Discoveries from the First Movable Cultural Relics Investigation in China as Examples

江汉关是中国近代重要海关之一,其主要业务职能是对经汉口进出口的货物进行检验、估价、征税、稽查,以及管理出入国境的外侨和中国居民的非贸易性自用邮寄物品。同时还兼办港务、航道、引水、气象、邮政、检疫和管理报关行等业务。笔者重点以江汉关大楼文物保护工程和文物普查中建筑图纸的新发现为例,印证大楼建造时的主要业务职能。同时,通过对海关老人的口述历史和与江汉关紧密关联的历史文物的分析,进一步佐证江汉关的业务职能情况。

The Hankow Customs is one of the most important customs in modern China.Its main functions included examining,assessing,and taxing imports and exports,and managing the non-commercial mailed articles of local residents and foreign settlers across national boundaries.It also handled port administration,channel maintenance,water diversion,meteorological observations,postal services,quarantine,and customs brokers management,among others.The author focuses on the new findings of the cultural relics protection project and the architectural blueprints of the cultural relics census of the Hankow Customs House to verify the main business functions of the building.At the same time,through the oral history of old customs officers and analysis of historical relics closely related to the Hankow Customs,we can better understand its business functions.