突发公共卫生事件刑法规制研究

Research on Criminal Regulations for Public Health Emergencies

刑法以无知之幕助力防控措施全面实施,赋予防控措施刚性与限度性,为防控措施实施提供必备环境。突发公共卫生事件防控需要依法进行,只有以罪刑法定为基础,以保障人权为导向参照战时缓刑制度和责任溢价理念建立突发公共卫生事件防控时期的刑事政策,才能确保防控时期刑法适用罪责刑相适应,才能激励本不能再利用的抗疫资源继续为抗疫所用,才能避免刑法适用对抗疫力量的消耗。因此在具体罪名认定上既要遵从刑法自身特点又要注重特殊时期行为社会危害性变化,更需要关注特殊时期刑法适用的社会效果。

The criminal law,which acts as the"veil of ignorance"in helping full implementation of epidemic prevention and control measures,can endow these measures with rigidity and limitation,and provides necessary conditions for the implementation of the measures.The prevention and control for public health emergencies shall be carried out in accordance with the law.Only by establishing the criminal policies for the prevention and control period of public health emergencies on the basis of the principle of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime,under the guidance of human rights protection,and with reference to"wartime probation system"and"responsibility premium concept",can we ensure that the crime,responsibility and punishment are compatible when the criminal law is applied,reuse the resources that could be unusable before,and avoid the weakening of the force to fight the epidemic.Therefore,the determination of specific accusations shall not only conform to the features of the criminal law itself,but also focus on the changing social harmfulness of the acts as well as the social effects of the application of criminal law in special period.