关于DNA检材污染原因分析及防范研究

Analyses of the Causes for Contamination of DNA Samples and Prevention

DNA物证的提取、保存,是DNA物证进行检验鉴定的首要环节,也是建立健全全国DNA实验室及DNA人员数据库的重要保证。尽可能地避免DNA检材受到污染,是减少重新检验鉴定的次数、降低实验成本的有效途径,对得出科学鉴定意见、指导案件侦破有着重大意义。从DNA物证提取检验过程中技术人员的操作污染,解剖室、DNA实验室环境污染两方面探讨污染源,以期寻找规避和预防DNA检材污染的系统防范对策,提高现场勘查技术人员及实验室工作人员对DNA检材保护意识,规范对DNA检材的提取、保存和检验等环节的操作程序,保障用于证明案件事实的DNA检材的客观真实。

The extraction and preservation of DNA evidence is a major step in identification of DNA evidence,and an important guarantee for establishing and improving the national DNA laboratory and DNA personnel database as well.Trying to avoid the contamination of DNA samples is an effective way to reduce the times of reexamination and identification and to lower the experimental cost.It is also of great significance for drawing scientific identification conclusions and guiding the detection of cases.This paper discusses the contamination sources in the process of DNA evidence extraction and inspection from two aspects:the contamination caused by technical personnel’s operation and by the environmental contamination of dissecting room and DNA laboratory,aiming to find out the systematic preventive countermeasures to avoid and prevent the contamination of DNA samples,improve the awareness of field investigators and laboratory staff in protecting DNA samples,standardize the operation procedures of DNA extraction,preservation and inspection,and ensure the objective authenticity of DNA samples applied to prove the facts of the case.