后巴黎时代的全球气候治理:新挑战、新思路与中国方案

Global Climate Governance in the Post-Paris Era:New Challenges,New Ideas and China’s Solutions

自2016年11月4日《巴黎协定》正式生效后,全球气候治理迎来3.0时代,各方从自身立场出发在多方面展开激烈博弈,本文尝试以集体行动的逻辑为出发点,从技术、资金、领导力及气候政策四个方面展开,分析后巴黎时代全球气候治理集体行动困境所呈现的具体挑战,主要包括:气候有益技术公共产品供给不足导致技术缺口加剧;全球气候治理资金机制缺位导致资金缺口严重;气候治理领导力量弱化导致领导力赤字凸显;碳边境调节机制加剧新型绿色贸易壁垒。针对上述挑战,本文提出应在国际层面上进一步增强提供气候有益技术公共产品的能力;不断完善全球气候治理资金机制;在联合国框架下充分发挥大国合作的领导力量;根据不同国情制定碳边境调节机制方案;在此基础上,分析中国在后巴黎时代气候治理中的角色定位,提出气候治理的中国行动方案。

Since the“Paris Agreement”came into effect on November 4,2016,global climate governance has ushered in the 3.0 era.Different international actors have launched fierce games in many aspects from their own standpoints.The paper attempts to start from the logic of collective action and from technology,funding,leadership,and climate policy,analyzing the specific challenges presented by the collective action dilemma of global climate governance in the post-Paris era.Insufficient supply of climate-beneficial technologies and public products has led to an intensified technological gap,and the absence of global climate governance financial mechanism leads to a serious financial gap.Thus,the weakening of leadership in climate governance has led to a prominent deficit in leadership and the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism has exacerbated new green trade barriers.In response to the above challenges,the paper proposes to further enhance the ability to provide climate-beneficial technology public products at the international level,continuously improving the global climate governance financial mechanism,giving full play to the leadership of major country cooperation under the United Nations framework and formulating CBAM countermeasures according to different national conditions.On this basis,this article finally settles on China’s role in climate governance in the post-Paris era,and proposes a China’s action plan for climate governance.