文化和非语言沟通

Culture and Nonverbal Communication

当今的多元文化世界要求人们对语言和非语言沟通有更高的文化敏感性。本文对现有的跨文化非语言沟通文献进行了评审。文章首先概括介绍了目前的跨文化非语言沟通研究;然后介绍了学者们对跨文化非语言沟通所做的理论化尝试。之后,文章介绍了文化对各种非语言沟通方式的影响,包括肢体语言、沟通时人与人的空间距离、身体接触、凝视、沉默、时间管理、以及面部表情等。文章也对文化空间,一种特殊的非语言沟通概念,进行了介绍。文章最后对有效跨文化非语言沟通的意义进行了讨论。

In today’s multicultural pluralistic world,a greater cultural sensitivity in both verbal and nonverbal communication is essential.This paper reviews literature on nonverbal communication from a cultural approach.It begins with an overview of cultural approaches to the study of nonverbal communication,and follows by reviewing recent efforts of theorizing culture and nonverbal communication.It then addresses cultural influences on channels of nonverbal behavior,including kinesics,proxemics,haptics,gaze,silence,paralanguage,and chronemics as well as the nonverbal behavior of facial expressions across cultures.The paper also reviews cultural space as a particular form of nonverbal communication and examines how cultural space defines our identity.Finally,this paper discusses implications for nonverbal communication in intercultural encounters.