数字贸易:一个分析框架

Digital Trade: A Framework for Analysis

在数字技术创新的驱动下,国际贸易在经历了传统贸易和价值链贸易之后,将进入数字贸易时代,贸易主体、贸易模式、交付模式、贸易对象和贸易监管政策正在面临全方位的变革。在影响贸易的传统因素中,技术创新、劳动力禀赋、有形基础设施、市场规模等仍将对数字贸易发挥作用,但其显著性或影响机制却已发生变化,而数字基础设施、信任与风险管理等新决定因素将产生重要的影响。在贸易规则层面,数字贸易不仅要求对WTO现有规则进行适应性澄清、修订与扩充,更需就多边贸易体制尚未包含的数据跨境流动、隐私、消费者保护、竞争政策等新规则进行磋商与谈判,以回应全球数字治理的新诉求。

Driven by digital technology innovation,international trade is evolving from traditional trade and global value chain trade to digital one.Digitalization,from all aspects,is changing whom we trade with,how we trade,how to deliver,what we trade,and how to regulate.Traditional factors influencing trade like technological innovation,labor endowment,physical infrastructure and market scale are still playing important roles in digital trade.However,the significance or mechanism of those factors are essentially different.Meanwhile,some new factors,such as digital infrastructure,trust and risk management are making a growing impact.For trade policy,digital trade not only requires adaptive clarification,amendment and upgrading of the existing WTO rules,but also calls for negotiations on new rules excluded in multi-lateral trade institutions as cross-border flow of data,privacy,consumer protection,competition policy,and etc.,so as to respond to global trade governance.