全球价值链嵌入位置对生产率提升的影响机制研究——基于技术创新方向和资源配置效应的视角

The Impact Mechanisms of Global Value Chain Embedding on the Enhancement of Total Factor Productivity

本文利用世界银行和UIBE-GVC数据库,考察了全球价值链嵌入位置通过技术创新方向和资源配置效应对全要素生产率的影响及作用机制。研究发现,样本国家的技术创新均呈现资本偏向特征;价值链嵌入方式具有异质性,发达国家具有前向参与优势,而发展中国家具有后向参与优势;无论在何种嵌入方式下,技术创新方向与资源配置均可提升生产率。分国家看,OECD国家以前向简单参与发挥技术创新效应,以后向简单参与发挥资源配置效应,从而提升生产率;而发展中国家以后向简单参与发挥模仿创新效应,以前向参与发挥资源配置效应,从而提升生产率。因此,在新一轮人工智能革命浪潮下,各国加强生产合作,充分发挥资源禀赋优势和最大限度享受价值链嵌入带来的技术溢出效应,实现生产率持续提升。

This paper used the World Bank and UIBE databases to investigate the impact and mode of action of the embedded position of the global value chain on productivity through the direction of technological innovation and the effect of resource allocation.The study finds that the technological innovation of the sample countries is characterized by capital bias;the embedding method of value chain is heterogeneous;the developed countries have the advantage of forward participation while the developing countries have the advantage of backward participation;regardless of the embedding method,the direction of technological innovation and resource allocation can both increase productivity.In terms of different countries,the OECD countries use simple forward participation to exert technological innovation effects,and simple backward participation to exert resource allocation effects in order to increase productivity,while the developing countries use simple backward participation to exert technological innovation effects,and simple forward participation to exert resource allocation effects in order to increase productivity.Therefore,under the new wave of artificial intelligence revolution,it is necessary to strengthen the productive cooperation among various countries,give full play to the advantages of resource endowment and enjoy the technology spillover effect brought about by value chain embedding to the maximum extent,and realize continuous improvement of productivity.