中国出口农产品存在质量升级困境吗

Study on Quality Upgrading Trap in China’s Agri-products Exports

质量升级是瞄准国际标杆推进技术改造、实现出口高质量发展的重要内容。本文构建了一个包含企业出口产品质量、质量升级遵从成本和市场转移成本的MO模型,研究在异质性技术性贸易措施作用下,出口产品质量升级困境的形成机理。研究发现:进口国强制性卫生与植物检疫(SPS)措施对中国农产品质量升级和出口增长存在相左的作用方向,企业在"保增长"的出口策略下选择扩张式市场转移后会被质量升级困境锁定。实证检验发现:在面对发达国家SPS措施时,中国出口农产品质量升级效果不佳,技术落后企业较技术前沿企业更容易转移市场,逃避质量升级;出口增长的中介渠道显示,扩张式市场转移贡献远高于质量升级;国际间横向比较显示,美国农产品出口在面临异质性SPS措施时不存在质量升级困境。

This paper constructed the MO model including product quality,quality upgrading compliance costs and market shift costs.Focused on the formation mechanism of heterogeneous technical trade measures on quality upgrading trap,the study finds that heterogeneous SPS measures have an opposite effect on China’s agri-products quality upgrading and export growth.The firms which have the export strategy of"keep growth level"may be locked in"quality upgrading trap",if it chooses to shift market expansively.The SPS measures of developed countries have less effective on quality upgrading.The backwards have a higher probability to shift export market.The contribution from expanding market shift(35.9%)is much higher than the quality upgrading(0.8%).However,when confronting the heterogeneous SPS measures,there is no quality upgrading trap in US agri-products export.