制造业行业数字化转型与其出口技术复杂度提升

Manufacturing Digital Transformation and Its Export Technological Sophistication

数字化转型是推动制造业升级的重要动力,不断提升制造业行业出口技术复杂度是加快建设制造业强国的重要抓手。本文基于2008—2015年49个国家的网络就绪指数和这些国家15个制造业行业投入产出数据以及通过产品层面计算得到的行业国际贸易数据,构建了可用于国际比较的行业数字化转型指标。运用国家、行业、时间多维固定效应模型研究了制造业行业数字化转型对其出口技术复杂度提升的效应,并进行了稳健性检验和内生性检验。通过识别国家网络就绪指数的门槛效应,证明了制造业行业数字化转型对其出口技术复杂度的影响具有显著的非线性特征,如果一国网络就绪指数高于5.14,则提升效应会明显加大;分位数回归模型的估计结果表明,制造业行业数字化转型对出口技术复杂度较高的行业具有更大的正向提升效应;行业异质性检验结果表明,该提升效应仅存在于那些具有中高研发密度或资本密集型的行业;通过区分同一行业内中间品与最终品的结果显示,制造业行业数字化转型对中间品出口技术复杂度的提升效应明显高于最终品。

Using the Networked Readiness Index(NRI)of 49 countries,the inputoutput data of 15 manufacturing industries of the 49 countries,and the industrial international trade data calculated at the product level from 2008 to 2015,this paper constructed an index of industrial digital transformation for international comparison,and studied the effect on export technological sophistication based on the multi-way fixed effects model of country,industry and time.The result shows that the impact of the digital transformation of manufacturing on export technological sophistication has significant non-linear characteristics.If the Networked Readiness Index of a country is higher than 5.14,the promotion effect will be significantly increased.The estimated results of quantile regression model show that the digital transformation of manufacturing has a greater positive effect on the industries with higher export technological sophistication.The industrial heterogeneity test shows that this enhancement effect only exists in those industries with medium-high R&D intensity or capital-intensive industry.By distinguishing intermediate goods and final goods within the same industry,it is found that the effect of the digital transformation of manufacturing on export technological sophistication on intermediate goods export is significantly higher than that of final goods.