外资进入有助于本土企业“稳就业”吗——来自中国制造业的经验证据

Can FDI Entry Stabilize Employment of Local Enterprises——Empirical Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Industry

本文以2002年的外资管制政策调整作为准自然实验,利用倍差法与工具变量相结合的方法研究了外资进入对中国本土制造业企业就业增长的影响。研究表明:外资进入能够显著促进企业就业增长,且该作用在非国有企业、劳动密集型企业和中低技术企业中更为明显,外资进入能发挥稳就业作用。进一步地,外资进入主要通过缓解企业融资约束和扩大企业出口规模来促进中国制造业企业就业增长。最后,利用动态分解方法研究,发现外资进入能够通过资源再配置效应对行业总体层面的就业增长产生促进作用。本文不仅为稳定和扩大中国制造业企业就业拓宽有效路径,也为客观评价中国扩大外资开放水平的微观绩效提供理论依据。

Using the FDI regulatory policy adjustments in 2002 as a quasi-natural experiment,this paper investigated the effect of FDI entry on the employment growth of local Chinese manufacturing enterprises with the joint application of difference-in-difference and instrumental variable methods.It indicates that FDI entry will significantly improve the employment growth of enterprises,especially to the employment growth among non-state enterprises,labor-intensive enterprises and enterprises where high technologies are not used,FDI entry will guarantee stable employment.In addition,the research also finds that the promotion is mainly via alleviating the financing constraints of enterprises and expanding their export volume.Finally,using the dynamic decomposition method,it further finds that FDI entry fosters the employment growth of the whole industry through resource reallocating.This research not only broadens the effective path to stabilize and expand the employment of China’s manufacturing enterprises,but also provides a theoretical reference to objectively evaluating the micro performance of FDI openness expansion in China.