全球价值链嵌入与技能溢价——基于中国微观企业数据的经验分析

Global Value Chain Embeddedness and Skill Premium——Evidence from China

本文基于中国微观企业数据,考察了企业嵌入全球价值链对劳动力工资技能溢价(技能与非技能劳动工资之比)的影响及其作用机制。研究表明:总体来看,企业嵌入全球价值链与技能溢价之间呈倒U型关系,即在全球价值链嵌入度较低时,企业提高价值链参与度将提升技能溢价;在全球价值链嵌入度较高时,则将缩小技能溢价。进一步的机制检验表明,这主要是由于企业参与全球价值链引起的技能结构(技能劳动占比)与利润率变化呈倒U型;异质性检验表明,全球价值链嵌入对技能溢价的影响因企业所在区域和所有制类型不同而呈现出显著的差异性。通过考察市场特征对技能溢价的调节作用,本文发现地区市场一体化会弱化全球价值链嵌入对技能溢价的提升效应,而最低工资制度则会强化这种效应。

This paper used Chinese firm-level micro data to examine the impact of Global Value Chain(GVC)embeddedness on skill premium.The results show that there is an inverted U-shape relationship between firms’GVC embeddedness and skill premium,that is when the GVC embeddedness degree is relatively low,its improvement will enlarge the skill premium;when the degree is high,its improvement will reduce the skill premium.Further mechanism tests reveal that this is mainly due to the inverted Ushaped changes in the skilled labor demand structure and profit ratio caused by GVC embeddedness.In addition,the heterogeneity tests show that the impact of GVC embeddedness on skill premium is significantly heterogeneous depending on the regional characteristics and ownership types.At last,we find that regional market integration will weaken the effect of GVC embeddedness on skill premium,and the minimum wage will strengthen this effect.