全球价值链视角下中国制造业服务要素含量的动态演进研究——基于区分贸易类型的国家区域间投入产出表

Research on the Dynamic Evolution of China’s Manufacturing Service Factor Content from the Perspective of Global Value Chain——Based on Inter Regional Input-Output Table of Countries Differentiated Trade Patterns

本文利用经济合作与发展组织公布的区分贸易类型的国家区域间投入产出表,基于增加值贸易核算方法,测算分析了2000—2011年中国制造业国内销售、加工出口与一般出口三个部门中的服务要素含量。研究发现:中国制造业隐含的服务增加值由2000年的26.07%增长到2011年的27.57%,并且国内服务要素占比由2000年的11.73%上升到2011年的14.86%,而国外服务要素占比则由2000年的14.33%下降到2011年的12.71%,表明国内服务要素对于制造业服务增加值创造的贡献度正逐步提高。从不同贸易类型来看,制造业服务要素含量按照加工出口、国内销售、一般出口从高到低依次排序,并且加工出口中的国内外服务要素相对占比正大幅提升,而国内销售与一般出口中的国内外服务要素相对占比并无明显变化。进一步扩展到不同行业类型来看,劳动密集型行业的国内服务要素占比提升速度要快于资本密集型和技术密集型行业。上述动态演进特征揭示着,强化国内服务要素供给质量,发挥国内服务业对制造业的支撑与渗透作用,是未来中国制造业服务化转型的重要所在。

Based on the value-added trade accounting method,this paper calculated and analyzed the service factor content of domestic sales,processing export and general export of China’s manufacturing industry from 2000 to 2011 by using the inter regional input-output table of different trade types published by the organization for economic cooperation and development(OECD).The results show that the implied service added value of China’s manufacturing industry has increased from 26.07%in 2000 to 27.57%in 2011,and the proportion of domestic service elements has increased from 11.73%in 2000 to14.86%in 2011,while the proportion of foreign service elements has decreased from 14.33%in 2000 to 12.71%in 2011,indicating that the contribution of domestic service factors to the creation of service added value of manufacturing industry is gradually increasing.From the perspective of different trade types,the content of service elements in manufacturing industry is ranked from high to low according to processing export,domestic sales and general export,and the relative proportion of domestic and foreign service elements in processing export is increasing significantly,while the relative proportion of domestic sales and general export is not significantly changed.Further expanding to different types of industries,the proportion of domestic service factors in labor intensive industries increases faster than that in capital intensive and technology intensive industries.The above dynamic evolution features indicate that strengthening the supply quality of domestic service factors and giving full play to the role of domestic service industry in supporting and infiltrating the manufacturing industry are the important points of service transformation of China’s manufacturing industry in the future.