清洁生产环境规制与企业出口技术复杂度——微观证据与影响机制

Cleaner Production Environment Regulation and Technology Complexity of Enterprise Export——Micro Evidence and Influencing Mechanisms

环境保护是当前供给侧结构性改革的重要着力点,本文利用2003年清洁生产标准实施这一"准自然实验"研究了环境规制对企业出口技术复杂度的影响及机制。基于中国企业数据和倍差法研究发现:第一,清洁生产显著提升了企业的出口技术复杂度,且该正向效应具有高度的稳健性。第二,清洁生产主要通过加速企业内部产品转换,并提高出口技术复杂度较低企业退出率实现的。此外,清洁生产并未显著促进企业创新,"波特假说"难以解释环境规制促进中国企业出口技术复杂度提升这一现象。第三,异质性分析发现,资产规模、资本密集度、所有制与政府补贴是清洁生产产生分化影响的重要原因。第四,清洁生产带来的资源再配置效应是行业出口技术复杂度提升的关键因素。本文结论表明清洁生产作为一种绿色环境规制形式,可以实现生态环境改善和出口技术复杂度提升的双赢。

Environmental protection is an important focus of supply side structural reform at present.This paper studied the impact and mechanism of environmental regulation on the complexity of export technology by using the quasi natural experiment of the implementation of cleaner production standards in 2003.Based on the data of Chinese enterprises and the research of multiple difference method,it is found that:first,cleaner production significantly improves the export technology complexity of enterprises,and the positive effect is highly robust.Second,cleaner production is mainly achieved by accelerating the internal product conversion of enterprises and increasing the exit rate of enterprises with low export technology complexity.In addition,cleaner production does not significantly promote enterprise innovation,Porter Hypothesis is difficult to explain the phenomenon that environmental regulation promotes the technological complexity of Chinese enterprises’export.Third,the heterogeneity analysis shows that asset size,capital intensity,ownership and government subsidies are the important reasons for the differentiation of cleaner production.Fourth,the effect of resource reallocation brought by cleaner production is the key factor to increase the complexity of export technology.The conclusion of this paper shows that as a form of green environmental regulation,cleaner production can achieve a win-win of improving the ecological environment and increasing the complexity of export technology.