基于多源遥感数据的呼和浩特城市热岛调控优先区识别研究

Identification and distribution characteristics of priority areas for urban heat island regulation based on multi-source remote sensing data:A case study of Hohhot City

伴随着城市化进程中地表不透水面覆盖增加和城市人口密度增大,城市热岛效应也逐渐加剧,对城市生活品质、城市生态服务系统等产生诸多影响。融合多源卫星遥感数据以及基础地理数据,构建基于“高温环境因子-地表覆盖因子-人口密度因子”模型,结合GIS空间叠加的城市热岛调控区识别方法,对呼和浩特市2020年城区热岛调控优先区进行识别与验证,分析城市地块尺度、社区尺度以及街道尺度上城市热岛优先区的合理性与形成因素。结果显示:呼和浩特市城市热岛调控优先区主要分布于以旧城高密度不透水为主的中心城区老商业圈,呈单中心向外逐渐减少趋势;三个识别因子空间分布特征各不相同,其中人口密度因子和高温环境因子与城市热岛调控优先区空间变化较为一致,是城市热岛调控优先区的主要识别因子,也是城市热岛效应最终形成的主要因素;地表覆盖因子呈西聚东散分布状态,人口脆弱因子呈现出中心聚集度大,向城市南部扩散的空间格局,与呼和浩特市城市发展方向一致。研究表明基于多源遥感数据的模型估算与空间叠加方法识别城市热岛调控区理论上是可行的,研究结果可对未来呼和浩特市城市更新中的城市热岛调节、城市生活品质提升具有一定的指导作用,并为城市热灾害风险管理和合理布局公共服务设施提供一定参考。

High intensity urbanization leads to the intensification of urban heat island effect,which has many impacts on urban ecological service system in the region.By integrating multi-source satellite remote sensing data and basic geographic data,an urban heat island identification method based on"high temperature environmentalfactor-land cover factor-population vulnerability factor"was constructed to obtain the identification results of the priority areas for urban heat island regulation in Hohhot in 2020,and analyzed at the street scale,urban plot scale and community scale,respectively.Results show that the urban heat island adjust priority areas are mainly distributed in the city center,presenting single center and gradually decreasing from center to outside.The spatial distribution characteristics of the three identification factors are different,among them,population density factor and high temperature environment factor are consistent with the spatial change of urban heat island regulation priority area,which are the main factor for identifying the urban heat island regulation priority area,and also the main factor causing the final formation of urban heat island effect.The surface coverage factor is distributed in the west and scattered in the east,and the population vulnerability factor shows a spatial pattern of high concentration in the city center and diffusion to the south of the city,which is consistent with the urban development direction in Hohhot.The research shows that the model estimation and spatial superposition method based on multi-source remote sensing data is theoretically feasible to identify the urban heat island regulation area,and the research results can provide some guidance for the urban heat island regulation and the improvement of urban life quality in the future urban renewal of Hohhot,and provide some reference for the urban heat disaster risk management and the rational layout of public service facilities.