希拉穆仁草原牧区牧民的旅游生计资本评估及影响因子分析

Evaluation on the tourist livelihood capitals of herdsmen in Xilamuren grassland area and the influencing factors

希拉穆仁草原牧区牧民的旅游生计策略选择既顺应国家草原生态保护的战略思想,又符合乡村振兴的时代要求。文中基于内蒙古希拉穆仁草原牧区牧民的实地调研数据,选取13项相关指标衡量生计资本,构建牧民用于生存的资本评价体系,采用Entropy Method,即熵值法衡量指标比例,测算希拉穆仁草原牧区牧民的生计资本现状,并将牧民类型分为专营旅游式、兼营旅游式、单一牧民式,对其生计资本存量进行横向对比,采用二项逻辑回归模型(Logistic回归)总结旅游目的地牧民旅游生计策略选取的因子。结果表明:1)牧民用于生存的资本存量从高至低为:物资资本、自然资源资本、家庭金融资本、相关社会资本、人力资本。2)三类牧民的生存资本存量计量结果存在区别,由高到低排序为:专营旅游式、兼营旅游式与单一放牧式,即参与旅游经营的牧民能获得较多的生计资本。3)人力资本、自然资源资本、家庭金融资本以及相关社会资本是牧民旅游生计策略选择的影响因子,其中家庭成年劳动力、家庭年收入以及获得培训机会是牧民进行旅游生计策略选择的驱动因子,而所占草场大小和接收政府部门补助对于牧民选择旅游生计策略造成障碍。

The choice of tourism livelihood strategies of herdsmen in the pastoral area of Xilamuren grassland not only conforms to the national strategic thinking of grassland ecological protection,but also meets the requirements of the rural revitalization.Based on the field survey data of herdsmen in the pastoral area of Xilamuren grassland,Inner Mongolia,13 indicators of livelihood capital were selected to construct an evaluation system for herdsmen’s livelihood capital,the entropy method was used to determine the weight of the indicators,and the current situation of the livelihood capital of herdsmen in the pastoral area of Xilamuren grassland was analyzed.The types of herdsmen were divided into tourism franchise type,tourism participation type and pure herder households,and their livelihood capital stock was compared and analyzed.Finally,the factors affecting the choice of tourism livelihood strategies of herdsmen were extracted through the binomial Logistic regression model.The results show that:1)The measured values of the stock of livelihood capital of herdsmen from high to low are:physical capital,natural capital,financial capital,social capital,and human capital.2)There are differences in the measured value of capital stock of the three types of herdsmen,and the ranking from high to low is:tourism franchise type,tourism participation type and pure herdsman type,that is,the herdsmen participating in tourism management have more livelihood capital.3)Human capital,natural capital,financial capital and social capital are the factors influencing the herdsmen to choose tourism livelihood strategies.Among them,adult labor force,annual income and access to training opportunities for family are the driving factors for herdsmen’s choice of tourism livelihood strategy,while grassland area and government subsidies are the factors affecting the herdsmen’s choice of tourism livelihood strategies.