双碳目标下自助餐饮食碳足迹研究

Carbon footprint of buffet diet under goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality

“碳达峰”“碳中和”已经成为当下全球气候治理问题的热点议题,碳足迹是衡量气候变暖问题的重要工具,可以对食物生命周期内的碳足迹进行量化评估,进而帮助人们提出节能减碳的具体举措。当前食物的浪费问题在我国开始越来越受到重视,自助餐因其独特的就餐方式,使得其在食物浪费方面与其他就餐方式有所区别。文中利用生命周期的分析方法,探讨自助餐饮食形态与温室气体排放之间的关系。以实地调研和文献分析相结合的方法,获取餐厅菜单上的实际食材品类、使用量、食材产地、搭配不同的蒸、煮、炖、炸等所需的燃料、电力损耗量、厨余废弃量等,再配合本研究搜集的相关碳排放系数进行计算。研究结果发现:1)食材的原料制作阶段的碳排放量最高,占总碳排放量的82%,食材制作阶段的碳排放量占总排放量约13%,交通运输阶段的碳排放量占3%,食材废弃物处理阶段的碳排量约占总排放量2%。2)从食材种类区分,肉类占食材总碳排放量的47%,水产品占18%,蔬果类的碳排放量贡献占比为12%。3)就各肉类食材碳排放量排序,以牛肉占比最高为73%,其次为禽肉占15%,猪肉占12%。研究结果可作为未来饮食温室气体减量管理的参考。

"Carbon peak"and"carbon neutrality"have become a hot issue in global climate governance.Carbon footprint is an important tool to measure climate warming.It can quantify the carbon footprint of food during its life cycle,and then help people put forward specific measures to save energy and reduce carbon.At present,food waste has attracted more and more attention in China.Buffet is different from other dining ways in terms of food waste due to its unique dining style.In this paper,life cycle analysis was used to explore the relationship between buffet diet form and greenhouse gas emissions.Field research and literature analysis were used to obtain the actual categories,usage,origin of food ingredients,fuel,power consumption and kitchen waste required by different steaming,boiling,stewing and frying,etc.,and then their carbon footprints were calculated with the relevant carbon emission coefficients collected in this study.The results show that:1)The carbon emission of raw food in production stage is the highest,accounting for 82%of the total carbon emission,that of food in production stage accounts for about 13%of the total carbon emission,that in transportation stage accounts for 3%of the total,and that in food waste treatment stage accounts for about 2%of the total carbon emission.2)carbon emission of meat accounts for 47%of total carbon emission,that of aquatic products accounts for 18%,and that of vegetables and fruits contributes 12%to total carbon emission.3)In terms of carbon emissions of meat,that of beef accounts for 73%,followed by poultry 15%and pork 12%.The results of this study can be used as a reference for future dietary greenhouse gas reduction management.