农户兼业扩大了农村内部收入差距吗?——来自黄河流域中上游1879份农户调研的证据

Does farmer’s concurrent business expand income gap in rural areas?A case study in upper-middle Yellow River Basin

探究农户兼业对农村内部收入差距的影响及其作用机制,对缩小农村贫富差距,实现共同富裕具有重要意义。基于黄河流域中上游1879份农户调研数据,文中借助无条件分位数回归模型,分析农户兼业对不同收入水平农户的增收效应,同时利用RIF回归分解法进一步分析其作用机制。结果发现:1)农户兼业对各收入水平农户均具有显著增收作用。2)兼业对高收入农户群体的增收作用显著高于低收入农户群体,即农户兼业扩大了农村内部收入差距。3)系数效应是兼业中农村内部收入差距扩大的主因,以亲友中村干部数量、户主身份为代表的社会资本、以家庭人数、户主年龄、家庭劳动力占比为代表的人力资本和以家庭人均固定资产为代表的物质资本是系数效应的主要影响因素。因此,一方面应持续加强农户兼业相关支持政策的制定和完善,鼓励更多农户进行兼业;另一方面,还应实施差异化的政策,在社会资本、人力资本以及物质资本等方面给予低收入农户群体更多的支持和帮扶。

It is of great significance to explore the influence of farmer’s concurrent business on rural internal income gap and its mechanism to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor peoples in rural areas and achieve common prosperity.Based on the data of 1879 farmer households in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin,the income increasing effect of farmers’concurrent business on different income levels of farmers was analyzed with the help of unconditional quantile regression model,and its mechanism was analyzed further by using recentered influence function regression decomposition.The results show that:1)Farmer’s concurrent business has a significant positive effect on the income for all income levels of farmers.2)The effect of farmer’s concurrent business on the income increase for high-income farmer households is significantly higher than that of low-income farmer households,which means farmer’s concurrent business expands the income gap in rural areas.3)Structure effect is the main reason for the expansion of rural income gap in relation to farmer’s concurrent business.Social capitals represented by the number of village cadres who are their relatives,friends or the household head,human capitals represented by family members,age of household head and the proportion of family labor force,and material capitals represented by per capita fixed assets of families,are the main factors influencing structure effect.Therefore,on the one hand,the formulation and improvement of relevant supporting policies for farmers’part-time employment should be continuously strengthened to encourage more farmers to carry out concurrent business.On the other hand,differentiated policies should be implemented to give more support and assistance to low-income farmers in terms of social capital,human capital and material capital.