阴山北麓农牧交错区居民点空间分异特征——以包头市达尔罕茂明安联合旗为例

Spatial differentiation of residential areas in the farming-pastoral ecotone on the north foot of Yinshan Mountain

探究农牧交错区居民点的空间分异特征,对于农牧交错区的居民点调整、重构与发展和生态环境修复与可持续发展具有重要意义。运用最近邻指数法、核密度估计法、全局聚类检验、空间"热点"探测、Voronoi图Cv值和实地考察等方法,深入分析阴山北麓农牧交错区居民点的空间分异特征。结果表明:2016年,达茂旗居民点分布整体较为聚集,呈"东南密西北疏"的空间差异,研究区居民点斑块规模相差悬殊,小型居民点占主体;区域上,居民点分布格局呈现出明显的区域差异性,"冷热点"分异明显,呈现局部集中趋势;在乡镇尺度上,石宝镇空间分布类型属于随机分布,其它几个乡镇的空间分布属于集群分布;农业生产区居民点规模分布大而密集,牧业生产区居民点规模分布呈现小而零散的分布特点。总体上,分析该农牧交错区的空间分异特征,可对整个农牧交错区居民点空间布局调整、优化提供重要的借鉴价值。

Exploring the spatial differentiation characteristics of the residential areas in the agro-pastoral area is of great significance for the adjustment,reconstruction and development of the settlements in the agro-pastoral area and the restoration and sustainable development of the ecological environment.Using the nearest neighbor index method,nuclear density estimation method,global clustering test,spatial"hot spot"detection,Voronoi diagram Cv value and field survey,the spatial differentiation characteristics of residential areas in the farming-pastoral area of Yinshan Mountain were analyzed.The results show that:in 2016,the residential areas in Damaoqi was relatively concentrated,showing the spatial difference of"dense in southwest and sparse in northwest".The size of patches in the study area was very different,and small residential areas were the most.There were obvious regional differences,and the"cold hotspots"were distinctly different,showing a local concentration trend.At the township scale,the spatial distribution types of residential areas in Shibao Town were randomly distributed,and that of other townships belonged to the cluster distribution.In agricultural areas the residential areas were large and dense,and the distribution of settlements in the livestock production areas were characterized by small and scattered distribution.In general,the analysis of the spatial differentiation characteristics of the agro-pastoral zone can provide important reference value for the adjustment and optimization of the spatial layout of the residential areas.