中国煤炭产业经济效率类型与空间分异

Economic efficiency types and spatial differentiation of China’s coal industry

煤炭产业是一个国家的基础原材料产业,也是一个国家各历史时期发展政策与体制机制烙印最深的行业。文中选取198个地级政区为研究样本,从"人"、"物"、"财"三个维度,定量评价中国煤炭产业的经济效率,并依据各分项指标的影响水平,对各地区进行类型划分。研究表明:全国煤炭产业的经济效率普遍不高,且人力、管理、资产要素对经济效率的提高依次增加。影响经济效率的主导因素越少,地区数量越少,经济效率越高;主导因素越多,因素的作用越趋于均衡,地区数量越多,经济效率越低。低效率类型地区以煤炭资源枯竭型城市、老工业基地及煤炭去产能地区为主,但并未实现全覆盖。

The coal industry is the basic raw material industry for a country,and it is also the industry with the deepest imprint of development policies and institutional mechanisms in a country’s historical period.This research selected 198 prefecture-level political districts as research samples,quantitatively evaluated the economic efficiency of China’s coal industry from the three dimensions of"human","material"and"financial",and classified the regions according to the level of impact of each sub-index.The research shows that the economic efficiency of the national coal industry is generally not high,and the improvement of economic efficiency by manpower,management and asset factors increases in turn.The number of regions with higher economic efficiency is less,and the number of leading factors affecting the efficiency of these regions is relatively less.The number of regions with lower economic efficiency is more,the number of leading factors affecting the efficiency of these regions is relatively more,and the role of factors is more balanced.There are mainly three types of low-efficiency regions,including cities with exhausted coal resources,old industrial bases,and regions where coal capacity is depleted,but there are still some inefficient areas that are not in these three types of areas.