盐池县草地生态系统调查

Grassland ecosystem survey on Yanchi county

对草地开展野外调查,能对该系统特征形成科学认知,进而指导禁牧封育和生态补偿等草地资源管理实践。选取农牧交错带典型区宁夏盐池县为研究区,对草地植被群落和土壤进行调查。结果显示:1)在荒漠草原和干草原过渡带,多年生草本植物处于绝对优势,科属组成以禾本科、豆科、菊科和藜科为主,干鲜比介于0.1180-0.4025;2)荒漠草原主要植物包括短花针茅、绳虫实、黑沙蒿、猪毛菜、芨芨草等16种,干草原主要植物包括长芒草、达乌里胡枝子、猪毛蒿、蒙古冰草等11种,根据重要值贡献不同,将植物分为密度选择、频度选择等5种生存选择类型;3)草地物种丰富度和生物多样性较低,草地覆盖度与草地丰富度、多样性和均匀度显著正相关;4)草地土壤营养元素具有有机质含量低,氮和磷缺乏,钾相对丰富的特征,营养元素含量干草原略高于荒漠草原。

Carrying out field investigations on grassland can scientifially understand the evolution characteristics of the system, and to guide the practice of grassland resource management such as grazing prohibition and ecological compensation. The vegetation communities and soils of fenced grassland were investigated in Yanchi county, Ningxia. The results showed that:(1)Perennial herbaceous plants are absolutely advantage in the desert steppe and steppe, and the main compositions are Gramineae, Leguminosae, Compositae and Polygonaceae, and the ratio of dry to fresh biomass is between 0.1180-0.4025.(2) The main plants in the desert steppe are 16 species including Stipa breviflora, Corispermum declinatum, Artemisia ordosica, Salsola collina and Achnatherum splendens with an important value of 78.89. The main plants of the steppe are 11 species including Stipa bungeana, Lespedeza davurica, Artemisia scoparia and Artemisia sphaerocephala, with a total value of 79.16, depending on the contribution of important values, the species are divided into five types of survival choices: density selection, frequency selection and et al.(3) Grassland species richness and biodiversity are low, and grassland coverage is significantly positively correlated with grassland richness, diversity and evenness.(4) The nutrient elements of grassland soil have the characteristics of low organic matter content, lack of nitrogen and phosphorus, and relatively abundant potassium, and the soil nutrient content is slightly higher than that of desert steppe.