我国防沙治沙政策的演进历程与特征研究

Evolution and characteristics of China’s national defense policies for sand control

土地荒漠化是中国最为严重的生态环境问题之一,目前荒漠化趋势已在局部地区得到遏制,但在一些重点荒漠化省区和经济落后地区,仍在加速扩展。我国政府从20世纪80年代起,通过建立国家层面的政策管理体系和实施重大生态工程等措施,实现了"沙进人退"到"人沙和谐"。随着新时期国家精准脱贫攻坚的深度推进,有必要巩固生态建设成果,明确下一步防沙治沙政策制度的发展方向。文中在系统梳理我国防沙治沙政策研究进展的基础上,阐明我国沙漠化防治政策演进经历了起步形成阶段、全面推进阶段、快速发展阶段和提升转变四个发展阶段,分析认为政策演进过程呈现出"防与治"、"保育用"、"建与产"及"内与外"相结合四个基本特征;最后提出我国防沙治沙政策调整建议,包括:建立多元联动的工程技术模式、完善草原生态补偿机制及推进草原畜牧业的绿色发展。

Land desertification is one of the most serious ecological problems in China.Currently,whereas the trend of desertification has been curbed in some areas,land desertification is still extending in some key desertification provinces and economically underdeveloped areas.Since the 1980 s,the Chinese government has realized that"when the sand enters,the people retreat",and the need for"people and sand to live in harmony".In the new era,China has made intensive efforts to lift its people out of poverty,and thus in the next step it is necessary to both consolidate the achievements of ecological development,and clarify the developmental direction of policies and systems for combating desertification.This paper systematically sorts out the review of the progress of our national defense sand control policy.It demonstrates that China’s desertification prevention policy has gone through four stages of development:the start-up formation stage,the comprehensive promotion stage,the rapid development stage,and the promotion adjustment stage.Then,ideas for future adjustments to and improvement of the sand control policy are proposed.The development of the political system for sand control is mainly based on four combinations:"protection and control","protection and utilization","engineering and industry",and"internal and external".Finally,some suggestions for the adjustment of the policy of desertification control in China are put forward,including:establishing the multi-linkage engineering technology model,improving the grassland ecological compensation mechanism and promoting the green development of grassland animal husbandry.