从量级衍推看“才”“就”与句尾“了”的共现制约

The Analysis on the Co-occurrence Restrictions of "cai"(才), "jiu"(就) and "le"(了) Based on Entailment of Scale

本文分析了"才""就"在特定结构中与句尾"了"的共现制约现象。本文认为"了""才""就"都能触发量级衍推,句尾"了"不能与"才"共现的原因是两者限定的时间范围相反,前者是最小值,后者为最大值。由此衍推出的命题相反,前者是否定命题,后者是肯定命题,两者语义矛盾。而"了"和"就"可共现的语义基础是两者都设定时间词为最小值,都能衍推出肯定命题。本文还认为产生预期义须三个因素:事件已知、有实现性、有设定时间范围的虚词。

The paper analyzes the co-occurrence restrictions of"cai"(才),"jiu"(就)and"le"(了)in the specific structure.It is argued that the three words aforementioned all enable hearers to trigger the scale entailment.The cause which"le"(了)in the end of sentences does not co-occur with"cai"(才)is that the two words set the opposite time ranges,and thereby hearers will entail the opposite propositions.Whereas"le"(了)often co-occurs with"jiu"(就),because they both set time words as minimum values,however"jiu"(就)+VP can’t indicate an event has actualized,whereas"le"(了)endues an event with realization.When"le"(了)co-occurs with"jiu"(就),it will generate anticipation meaning.