冷冻胚胎的权利归属及权利行使问题研究

Study on the Ownership and Exercise of the Rights of Frozen Embryos

随着技术的发展,就冷冻胚胎的权利归属和权利行使等问题,实践中已涌现出诸多纠纷。冷冻胚胎作为处于物与人之间的一种过渡性存在,蕴含发育成为生命之潜能。这种过渡兼有准主体与准客体的双重法律属性,应当被给予更多的尊重和保护。就权利归属而言,根据权利来源的不同,冷冻胚胎的原始权利主体为选择辅助生殖技术的夫妻双方,其内部的具体权利归属可以根据婚姻关系的存续状态和双方是否达成合意两个标准进一步划分。继受权利主体包括医疗机构、科研机构和受赠夫妻三种可能。这些权利主体在行使权利时,需要视情况遵循一些共性和个性的原则。

With the development of technology,many disputes have emerged in practice regarding the ownership and exercise of rights of frozen embryos.As a transitional existence between things and people,frozen embryos contain the potential to develop into life.This transition has the dual legal attributes of quasi-subject and quasi-object,and should be given more respect and protection.With regard to the ownership of rights,according to the different sources of rights,the subjects of the original rights of frozen embryos are the couples who choose assisted reproductive technology.The specific ownership of rights can be further divided according to the two criteria of the existence of the marriage relationship and whether the two parties reached an agreement.The subject of succession rights includes three possibilities:medical institutions,scientific research institutions,and recipient couples.When these rights subjects exercise their rights,they need to follow some principles of commonality and individuality depending on the situation.