轻推式干预未被中国广泛运用的原因:行为经济学分析

Why Nudge Intervention is Used Rare in China?——An Analysis of Behavioral Economics

轻推式政策干预近年在西方发达国家的影响不断扩大,但在我国却比较有限,识别造成此差异的行为原因对降低我国政策干预成本具有重要的实践参考价值。将我国社会划分为管理群体和被管理群体,管理群体再细分为核心和非核心决策层,依据行为经济学前景理论分析发现,不同于西方国家民众将轻推视为对自身权利的限制而予以反对,我国被管理群体会将轻推视为放权和福利提升而予以支持,在我国运用轻推具有潜在的体制优势;但对于管理群体中的非核心决策层,实施轻推式干预对其意味着损失,在损失规避作用下该群体不支持甚至反对轻推。综合两类行为反应,轻推在我国未来的运用前景不确定。但核心决策层如果注重政策干预的成本收益,持续弱化来自非核心决策层的阻力,我国的轻推运用将有广阔前景。

Although nudge advocated by behavioral economists in recent years have been widely used on public administration in the U.S.and Britain,but it is used rare in China.Why are they so different and will nudge get a bright future in public administration of China?To answer this question has instrumental value to domestic public administration.This paper shows it is a trend that nudge arise in the economics history near a century.Under this trend,we divide China society into administrating group and administered group.With the help of prospect theory,we carry out a theoretical analysis.It is found that the administered group individuals in China are intervened directly for a long time.It leads to the administered group lacks choice rights which are necessary to nudge.In order to carry out nudge intervention,sufficient choice right must be given.And then increase the whole nation’s welfare level.So,the administered group will support nudge intervention.The behavioral response of the administered group and the group scale show that there is an institutional advantage when nudge intervention is implemented in China other than western developed countries where liberalisms are more popular.But implementing nudge intervention in China incurs a different behavior response from the administration group.It shows a different meaning to the administration group,such as:achievements will difficult to display,powers are restricted,more endeavors are needed and risks should be taken.The administration group will object nudge intervention for loss aversion.Then the overall effect is uncertain.But if the central decision makers can weaken the opposition strength from the administration group through successive reformations,nudge intervention in China will display a promising future.