从满文辞书《御制增订清文鉴》看清代纸张的使用与制作

The Usage and Manufacturing of Qing Dynasty Paper from the Records in the Revised and Enlarged Dictionary of the Manchu Language,Imperially Ordained

纸张是日常使用消耗品,往往缺乏对自身品类的标识,故即使有大量实物存世,学者也很难将实物和传世文献一一对应,即使有所考辨,仍存在学术争议及悬而未解的学术话题。《御制增订清文鉴》系统记录了清代纸张的品名、产地、加工技艺等,在以往的研究中尚未见人提及,成为研究纸类原料、工艺和定义的珍贵文献,为整理诠释古纸品名、研究加工技艺和古纸修复提供参考信息和文献补充,成为研究清纸的一个新的切入点。本文通过翻译整理《御制增订清文鉴》中的纸张类名词词条,获取其中有价值的信息,旨在为古纸研究、古代造纸技艺及古纸修复提供参考信息。

Consumable in daily life,paper always lacks identification of their own categories.Even if there are large number of surviving Qing dynasty paper,it is difficult to identify them according to the archive.Even if there are some researches,there still exist many academic controversies and unsolved problems.The Revised and Enlarged Dictionary of the Manchu Language,Imperially Ordained(Yuzhi zengding qingwenjian)systematically records information of the Qing dynasty paper,including the name,place of origin,and technology,which has not been mentioned in previous studies,and has become a precious document for the study of paper in terms of its raw materials,craft and definitions,providing reference information and literature supplements for sorting out and interpreting the names of ancient paper,researching and processing techniques and ancient paper conservation,and becoming a new starting point for the study of ancient paper.The author obtains valuable information by translating and sorting out the paper entries in the Dictionary,which aims to provide reference information for the study of ancient paper,ancient papermaking technologies and ancient paper conservation.