故宫博物院藏康熙瓷器人物纹及其文化内涵探析

The Figure Patterns and Cultural Connotation of Porcelain from the Kangxi Reign in the Palace Museum Collection

康熙瓷绘人物以其鲜明的时代风格和包罗万象的审美姿态享誉瓷坛。故宫博物院所藏康熙人物纹瓷器,数量众多、规格极高、品类颇丰,是研究清初宫廷文化的绝佳样本。这些珍贵的艺术史料,既是当时社会政治经济、人文理念、宗教信仰、民俗民愿的融合体现,更是帝王本人审美思想的直接表达,具有极高的证史功能和价值。本文对故宫博物院所藏康熙瓷器人物纹进行分类和文化内涵阐释,总结出“耕织牧渔”“山水寄情”“锐意文治”“肄武绥藩”“仕女婴戏”“大众文学”“宗教神仙”“意必吉祥”八个主要方面,进一步挖掘了康熙瓷器人物纹所蕴藏的深厚文化内涵和审美价值,为传承和弘扬中华优秀传统文化略尽绵薄之力。

The figure patterns painted on porcelain ware of the Kangxi reign(1662-1722)are famous in the circles of porcelain studies for their distinctive style of the times and all-encompassing aesthetic taste.Such porcelain objects in the Palace Museum collection boast large quantity,high ranking,and rich variety,forming a supreme pool of samples to study imperial court culture in the early Qing dynasty(1644-1911).These precious art historical specimens are not only the embodiment integrating contemporary society,politics,economy,humanistic ideas,religious beliefs,folk customs and wishes,but also the direct expression of the emperor’s own aesthetics,thus with extremely high value as physical historical evidence.This article classifies and interprets the cultural connotation of these porcelain objects,and concludes eight main motifs includingªfarming,weaving,animal husbandry,and fishingº,ªemotion and philosophy as represented by landscapeº,ªgovernance through cultureº,ªmilitary drilling and pacifying the frontier rebelsº,ªcourt ladies and children playingº,ªpopular literatureº,ªreligions,deity,and immortalsº,andªauspicious meaningsº.The aim of this study is to further explore the profound cultural connotations and aesthetic values contained in these porcelain pieces and make a positive contribution to inheriting and carrying forward the excellent traditional Chinese culture.