圆坻是元大都灵台考

On the Circular Mound is the Spiritual Terrace of the Yuan Dynasty Capital Dadu

元大都没有建在金中都的原址上,而是以琼华岛为基础规划大都城,忽必烈充分利用琼华岛及太液池,筑圆坻,构建大内、兴圣宫、隆福宫,形成以圆坻为中心的皇城格局。以水绕台,上建仪天殿,将象征天命的灵台概念赋予圆坻之上。本文立足史料,将蒙古“天佑观”与儒家的“天命观”结合起来,论证皇城以象征天的圆坻为中心,而不是以大内为中心格局形成的思想渊源。元大都的规划布局改变了传统的以宫城为中心的都城布局原则,在中国古代建城史上是一次创新。

The Yuan dynasty(1271-1368)capital city Dadu was not built on the site of the Jin dynasty(1115-1234)capital Zhongdu,but was planned and designed around the Qionghua Isle.Kublai Khan extensively exploited the isle and the Taiye Lake by commissioning the piling of the circular mound and the construction of the Danei,Xingsheng,and Longfu palaces.Since then,a layout of a group of imperial structures encircling the circular mound has been formed.Surrounded by waters and topped by the Yitian Hall,the mound was endowed with celestial significance and was compared to the Spiritual Terrace(Lingtai)-a symbol of Heaven’s mandate.Based on historical documents,the author examines both the Mongolian and Confucian cosmo-political philosophies to argue that the Yuan imperial city was not centered in the imperial palace but the circular mound that symbolizes Heaven.Dadu’s unconventional layout was an innovation in ancient Chinese city-building history.