恭俭胡同庆云寺再考——以北平研究院拓录碑刻材料为中心

Gongjian Hutong Qingyun Temple Re-examination:Centered in the Inscription Materials of the Peking Research Institute

坐落于景山后街和恭俭胡同交会处的庆云寺1又称三圣祠、火神庙。其寺始建于明万历二十九年(1601),经清代乾隆、嘉庆、道光、光绪四朝和民国三十一年(1942)五次重修终成今貌。寺院规模虽然狭小,然因居于禁城之畔,其与明清两代的内官具有长期、密切的联系,宫中内官在庆云寺历次重修活动中扮演了重要的襄助人角色,寺北的三官庙作为庆云寺的下院亦是由内官赞襄维护。近年来虽有学者有专文进行研究,但因为对清代宫廷内官制度缺乏了解,导致对碑刻年代产生误读。笔者以北平研究院于20世纪30年代拓录的三通碑刻影印件和国家图书馆藏北京庆云寺碑原始拓片影印件为主要依托,就恭俭胡同庆云寺及其下院三官庙的发展简史及其与宫中内官的关系做一简要论述,从而洞悉这座禁城乾隅小寺的前世今生,也对前人谬误予以校正。

Located at the intersection of Jingshan Back Street and Gongjian Hutong in Beijing,the Qingyun Temple is also known as the Three Deities Temple(Sansheng ci)and the Fire God Temple(Huoshen miao).The temple was built in the twenty-ninth year of the Wanli reign in the Ming Dynasty(1601),and was rebuilt during the Qianlong,Jiaqing,Daoguang,and Guangxu reigns in the Qing dynasty and in the thirty-first year of the Republic of China(1942).Although the size of the temple is small,it has a long-term and close ties with the eunuchs serving the Ming and Qing imperial courts thanks to its proximity to the imperial palace.The eunuchs were important patrons of restoration projects of the temple,as well as the maintenance of the nearby Sanguan Temple under its supervision.Recent years see research works on the temple,but insufficient understanding of the eunuch official system of the Qing court has resulted in a misinterpretation of the date of the stone inscriptions.Based on photocopies of the inscription rubbings of three steles from the Peking Research Institute in the 1930s and the photocopy of the original rubbing of the Qingyun Temple in Beijing collected by the National Library,the author briefly chronicles the history of the Qingyun Temple and its subtemple the Sanguan Temple.The history and its ties with the palace eunuch officials are also discussed,so as to gain insights into the history of this small temple,and correct mistakes made in previous studies.